Land Surveyor in Training (LSIT) Practice Exam

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• What best describes a turning point (TP) in the leveling process?
• Real-time kinematic requires a radio frequency link between a base station and the
• State Plane coordinates are always found as:
• Vertical datum data are gathered using which methods?
• Field Run Topographic Survey is the appropriate survey when which features are needed?
• Geodetic datums and the coordinate reference systems were developed to describe geographic positions for:
• A horizontal line is one that is:
• The local positional accuracy of a control point is a number that represents the uncertainty at the 95% confidence level in coordinates relative to what?
• OPUS is an example of which surveying approach?
• Metes and Bounds description describes which aspect of a property?
• What is the Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling?
• Which of the following is a route survey used for alignment of linear features?
• Which components are typically used together to establish project coordinates in GNSS surveying?
• Differential leveling is the method of measuring which?
• What does a Quantity Survey primarily measure?
• GPS coordinates calculated when satellites are clustered close together in the sky is described as:
• What is the main goal of field operations and computations?
• Remote Sensing Control Surveying includes measuring to compute a 3D position for location, orientation, and scale and includes which mapping techniques?
• What is the geoid?
• Modern geodetic datums range from:
• What data outputs are produced by combining LiDAR and photogrammetry when collected by UAS?
• In differential leveling, which equation correctly expresses Height of Instrument (HI)?
• Elevation or Floodplain Survey determines what?
• A rhumb line is a path with constant bearing as measured relative to which reference?
• Which description best defines a route survey in land surveying?
• Fast-static surveys differ from traditional static surveys primarily in what aspect?
• A reduced level is defined as which?
• Which of the following are land surveying datum types?
• What is the primary purpose of an As-Built Survey?
• Which statement correctly contrasts raster and vector data models?
• In RTK surveys, how are differential corrections received?
• Which system provides the geodetic datum for horizontal coordinates in this context?
• On a conformal map, meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at what angle?
• Which statement best describes the bearing of a line?
• Topographic surveys are primarily intended to map which aspects?
• What characterizes a raw data file in surveying data management?
• In the subdivision design/review process, which factor ensures the pedestrian path system links buildings with parking, open space, and facilities?
• There are how many zones in the continental US according to the text?
• FS stands for which leveling term?
• Laser scanning in surveying is primarily used to?
• In a static GPS survey, where is the base receiver placed?
• Latitude lines measure what?
• What is the minimum accuracy class/order for all level work?
• Which activity is a stated focus of the comprehensive plan?
• The Height of Collimation is defined as what?
• Which category of error in measurements arises from human judgment or bias?
• What is the minimum number of NGS first or second order benchmarks used for vertical control?
• The map projection that distorts scale and distance except along the standard parallel is:
• When is a backsight reading typically taken during leveling?
• If ellipsoid height h and geoid height N are known, how is orthometric height H computed?
• Which map projection is NOT used to transform latitude and longitude into x (Easting) and y (Northing) coordinates?
• Planar projection produces which shape?
• Which statement correctly describes outward and return runs in leveling?
• The 'epoch date' refers to the date associated with the coordinates of a control station. An epoch date is a necessary part of a complete datum or reference frame name, because coordinates can change with time.
• Which statement best describes tidal datums?
• What does the network positional accuracy of a control point quantify?
• What is the approximate speed of light in the atmosphere used in GPS distance calculations?
• In geodesy, datums are sets of data. Which of the following statements is true?
• Positional accuracy for primary horizontal and vertical control shall be reported as which terms?
• Datum conversions are accomplished by various methods. Complete datum conversion is based on seven parameter transformations that include:
• Which of the following is an example of a tidal datum?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of the comprehensive plan?
• Laser scanning is particularly advantageous for which BIM-related tasks?
• What does the Grid Magnetic Angle measure?
• Why is the exact value of a measured angle or distance never known?
• The elevation factor EF is defined as EF = R / (R + H + N). In the denominator, which terms are added to R?
• What is the minimum number of NGS First or Second Order benchmarks required to establish the Elevation/Vertical control network?
• Horizontal control surveys, whenever feasible, are based on which type of observations?
• Which statement best describes static GPS surveying?
• Astronomic azimuth is based on which reference?
• Hub stakes are protected by which types of stakes?
• Floodplain is defined as which?
• A run in leveling is defined as what?
• What is the purpose of combining GNSS with ground-based control monuments and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in surveying?
• A close in leveling is defined as what?
• Network design aims to maintain a robust statewide control network using high-precision GNSS and geodetic leveling. This network provides the basis for the horizontal and vertical location of what?
• Which value is used for Earth’s radius R in the EF calculation example?
• Boundaries of state plane zones usually follow which feature?
• Cadastral surveys typically involve which elements?
• Which statement best describes horizontal datums?
• Which of the following best describes the seven-parameter datum transformation?
• A Subdivision Plat is best described as which?
• Gravity anomalies only occur when which of the following Earth contrasts are impacted?
• What is the field book used for in surveying?
• What is a rhumb line?
• A Total Station combines which functionalities?
• To achieve 2nd Order accuracy, what is the required vertical accuracy specification for 1 km of double-run leveling without a micrometer?
• OPUS, NOAA's Online Positioning User Service, provides free access to high-accuracy coordinates. Which organization operates OPUS?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of GPS error among common factors?
• What is the projection called when the scale is the same in any direction at a point?
• Land Title refers to which of the following?
• Which method is used to study the effects of Earth's gravitational field from space-based observations?
• Which description defines a turning point (TP) in leveling?
• Which statement best defines a vertical datum?
• What is the elevation factor value for Earth’s radius R = 20,906,000 ft and local elevation H = 6,320 ft?
• The work of the surveyor is divided into which three phases?
• What is the primary purpose of a control survey?
• Which of the following best describes the function of a route survey in practice?
• The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for what?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• Which expression correctly defines Elevation Factor?
• What is a backsight (BS) in differential leveling?
• Which practice is typical for construction surveys?
• The Line of Colimation is what?
• Which statement about guard stakes is correct?
• A map projection that preserves angles locally but distorts other properties is known as?
• The Elevation Factor equation EF = R/(R+H+N) implies what about distortion at high elevations?
• What is a geodetic datum?
• In the simple three-parameter datum conversion method, how many origin offsets are used?
• In leveling, the last observation is called a foresight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the last observation?
• Which acts laid the basic foundation for land development controls in the United States?
• Which statement about Cylindrical Equal-Area projections is true?
• Field record keeping and documentation should include which items?
• Geoid height N represents which quantity?
• A rhumb line is also known as which term?
• Conical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Bench mark in surveying refers to which concept?
• In a conformal map, which property is preserved locally?
• Which file format is commonly associated with vector geographic data?
• Which equation defines ellipsoid height h in GPS terms?
• Precise leveling is characterized by which statement?
• Which of the following describes a rhumb line’s cross-meridian behavior?
• For vertical/elevation heights, to which datum should the geodetic datum be referenced?
• Which technique shall be utilized to establish elevations on the required project control points?
• A GPS signal travel time from the receiver to the satellite is 67 milliseconds. Using a speed of light in the atmosphere of 186,000 miles per second, what is the approximate distance?
• Which statement best describes a Construction Survey?
• Azimuth values typically vary over what range?
• Which of the following is a primary purpose of the local comprehensive plan?
• To what precision should measurements be rounded according to the guideline?
• Azimuths are defined as what type of angles?
• NAD27 and NAD83 are examples of which type of datum?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 1467.4 ft and a geoid separation of -23.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• GNSS is a satellite-based system used to determine which geographic quantities?
• Topographic Survey locates which types of features?
• How is the Grid-Magnetic angle typically depicted on a map?
• What are the two main datums that form the foundation for navigation and transportation in the United States?
• Cylindrical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Which statement about GNSS equipment is true?
• In leveling, the first observation is to a known point and is termed a backsight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the first observation?
• Land survey coordinate systems are affected by which of the following?
• How frequently are alignment stakes placed along tangents with uniform grade?
• Which technique is used to establish elevations on project control points?
• GPS technology uses which of the following technique(s) to determine location coordinates?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 567.4 ft and a geoid separation of 123.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• What is the purpose of a witness stake?
• Which of the following are uses of geodesy?
• Dilution Of Precision (DOP) is a measure reflecting which factor most directly?
• Error sources for GPS usage are a. Satellite clock b. Ionosphere c. Receiver clock d. Satellite orbit e. Lower atmosphere f. Multipath. Which of the following is NOT listed as an error source?
• Which statement about bearing notation is accurate?
• In construction staking, survey markers are referred to as what?
• If HI is 125.60 and FS is 9.20, what is the elevation?
• What is the generally accepted definition of land development?
• What force keeps planet earth in its orbit?
• Which of the following is a stated goal of the comprehensive plan?
• Geodetic datums define the:
• The system uses a simple Cartesian coordinate system to specify locations. The error is less than:
• Simple three parameter conversions between latitude, longitude, and height in different datums can be accomplished by conversion through Earth-Centered, Earth Fixed XYZ Cartesian coordinates in one reference datum and three origin offsets that approximate differences in rotation, translation and scale.
• What does the raster data model use to represent locations on the earth?
• What minimum specifications are required for GNSS receivers in surveying?
• Which term describes the surface of the oceans that would exist under gravity and rotation alone?
• Meridians are lines joining the poles and are also known as what?
• A level surface is defined as which?
• Primary project control involves which elements to establish control near and beyond the project site?
• The reported local accuracy is an approximate average of the local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish coordinates.
• Cadastral Survey is defined as which of the following?
• OPUS computes coordinates using which network?
• In the EF example, the local elevation used is?
• Robotic Total Stations enable what capability compared to conventional total stations?
• Along horizontal and vertical curve alignments, alignment stakes are placed how often?
• To meet 2nd Order specifications, which leveling staff specifications are required?
• Which data model uses points and line segments to identify locations on the earth?
• GPS is a system that determines the precise location on Earth through which components?
• A level datum is defined as which?
• In land surveying, UAS enhance data collection by using sensors that provide high-resolution images or LiDAR, alone or together, enabling what?
• The horizontal datum is used to measure a position on the Earth's surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Which statement best reflects this?
• What is magnetic declination?
• Which are examples of tidal datums?
• Which statement about conformal projections is correct?
• Horizontal control surveys are established for which type of projects?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?