Land Surveyor in Training (LSIT) Practice Exam

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• Which method is used to study the effects of Earth's gravitational field from space-based observations?
• The Line of Colimation is what?
• Which statement about guard stakes is correct?
• What is the generally accepted definition of land development?
• The elevation factor EF is defined as EF = R / (R + H + N). In the denominator, which terms are added to R?
• In the EF example, the local elevation used is?
• Boundaries of state plane zones usually follow which feature?
• What does the network positional accuracy of a control point quantify?
• Which statement about GNSS equipment is true?
• Along horizontal and vertical curve alignments, alignment stakes are placed how often?
• In leveling, the first observation is to a known point and is termed a backsight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the first observation?
• What is the Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling?
• Cadastral Survey is defined as which of the following?
• Which expression correctly defines Elevation Factor?
• What force keeps planet earth in its orbit?
• Which equation defines ellipsoid height h in GPS terms?
• Which of the following are land surveying datum types?
• The reported local accuracy is an approximate average of the local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish coordinates.
• A reduced level is defined as which?
• What does a Quantity Survey primarily measure?
• State Plane coordinates are always found as:
• Primary project control involves which elements to establish control near and beyond the project site?
• If HI is 125.60 and FS is 9.20, what is the elevation?
• What is the field book used for in surveying?
• What is a geodetic datum?
• OPUS, NOAA's Online Positioning User Service, provides free access to high-accuracy coordinates. Which organization operates OPUS?
• The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for what?
• Which statement best describes horizontal datums?
• Which statement about conformal projections is correct?
• Datum conversions are accomplished by various methods. Complete datum conversion is based on seven parameter transformations that include:
• Which practice is typical for construction surveys?
• Which are examples of tidal datums?
• In RTK surveys, how are differential corrections received?
• Which description defines a turning point (TP) in leveling?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• A Total Station combines which functionalities?
• What minimum specifications are required for GNSS receivers in surveying?
• Which of the following is a stated goal of the comprehensive plan?
• Which of the following best describes the seven-parameter datum transformation?
• Which description best defines a route survey in land surveying?
• A GPS signal travel time from the receiver to the satellite is 67 milliseconds. Using a speed of light in the atmosphere of 186,000 miles per second, what is the approximate distance?
• Bench mark in surveying refers to which concept?
• Remote Sensing Control Surveying includes measuring to compute a 3D position for location, orientation, and scale and includes which mapping techniques?
• OPUS is an example of which surveying approach?
• Which statement about bearing notation is accurate?
• Which of the following are uses of geodesy?
• If ellipsoid height h and geoid height N are known, how is orthometric height H computed?
• Dilution Of Precision (DOP) is a measure reflecting which factor most directly?
• Gravity anomalies only occur when which of the following Earth contrasts are impacted?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 1467.4 ft and a geoid separation of -23.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Planar projection produces which shape?
• Latitude lines measure what?
• Cylindrical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Real-time kinematic requires a radio frequency link between a base station and the
• Which map projection is NOT used to transform latitude and longitude into x (Easting) and y (Northing) coordinates?
• Geodetic datums and the coordinate reference systems were developed to describe geographic positions for:
• Astronomic azimuth is based on which reference?
• Error sources for GPS usage are a. Satellite clock b. Ionosphere c. Receiver clock d. Satellite orbit e. Lower atmosphere f. Multipath. Which of the following is NOT listed as an error source?
• GPS is a system that determines the precise location on Earth through which components?
• On a conformal map, meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at what angle?
• In a static GPS survey, where is the base receiver placed?
• Land survey coordinate systems are affected by which of the following?
• Azimuths are defined as what type of angles?
• What is the primary purpose of an As-Built Survey?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of GPS error among common factors?
• How frequently are alignment stakes placed along tangents with uniform grade?
• In geodesy, datums are sets of data. Which of the following statements is true?
• Laser scanning in surveying is primarily used to?
• Azimuth values typically vary over what range?
• What is the minimum accuracy class/order for all level work?
• A map projection that preserves angles locally but distorts other properties is known as?
• Positional accuracy for primary horizontal and vertical control shall be reported as which terms?
• Floodplain is defined as which?
• In leveling, the last observation is called a foresight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the last observation?
• What is the approximate speed of light in the atmosphere used in GPS distance calculations?
• OPUS computes coordinates using which network?
• Which term describes the surface of the oceans that would exist under gravity and rotation alone?
• Which technique shall be utilized to establish elevations on the required project control points?
• FS stands for which leveling term?
• Which data model uses points and line segments to identify locations on the earth?
• Geoid height N represents which quantity?
• Which statement best describes the bearing of a line?
• Metes and Bounds description describes which aspect of a property?
• To achieve 2nd Order accuracy, what is the required vertical accuracy specification for 1 km of double-run leveling without a micrometer?
• GPS technology uses which of the following technique(s) to determine location coordinates?
• A Subdivision Plat is best described as which?
• Field record keeping and documentation should include which items?
• Which of the following is a primary purpose of the local comprehensive plan?
• Land Title refers to which of the following?
• The system uses a simple Cartesian coordinate system to specify locations. The error is less than:
• The Height of Collimation is defined as what?
• Which statement correctly describes outward and return runs in leveling?
• Which technique is used to establish elevations on project control points?
• What is the main goal of field operations and computations?
• Which of the following best describes the function of a route survey in practice?
• Vertical datum data are gathered using which methods?
• Hub stakes are protected by which types of stakes?
• What does the raster data model use to represent locations on the earth?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• What is the purpose of a witness stake?
• The work of the surveyor is divided into which three phases?
• What is the projection called when the scale is the same in any direction at a point?
• To what precision should measurements be rounded according to the guideline?
• How is the Grid-Magnetic angle typically depicted on a map?
• The local positional accuracy of a control point is a number that represents the uncertainty at the 95% confidence level in coordinates relative to what?
• Which statement correctly contrasts raster and vector data models?
• GNSS is a satellite-based system used to determine which geographic quantities?
• A rhumb line is also known as which term?
• Which of the following is an example of a tidal datum?
• A close in leveling is defined as what?
• What is a rhumb line?
• What does the Grid Magnetic Angle measure?
• Which of the following describes a rhumb line’s cross-meridian behavior?
• Meridians are lines joining the poles and are also known as what?
• What is the minimum number of NGS first or second order benchmarks used for vertical control?
• What are the two main datums that form the foundation for navigation and transportation in the United States?
• There are how many zones in the continental US according to the text?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of the comprehensive plan?
• Which statement best describes tidal datums?
• Topographic Survey locates which types of features?
• To meet 2nd Order specifications, which leveling staff specifications are required?
• Which activity is a stated focus of the comprehensive plan?
• What best describes a turning point (TP) in the leveling process?
• Laser scanning is particularly advantageous for which BIM-related tasks?
• Precise leveling is characterized by which statement?
• Network design aims to maintain a robust statewide control network using high-precision GNSS and geodetic leveling. This network provides the basis for the horizontal and vertical location of what?
• Which file format is commonly associated with vector geographic data?
• Fast-static surveys differ from traditional static surveys primarily in what aspect?
• Which of the following is a route survey used for alignment of linear features?
• GPS coordinates calculated when satellites are clustered close together in the sky is described as:
• What data outputs are produced by combining LiDAR and photogrammetry when collected by UAS?
• What is the primary purpose of a control survey?
• Which statement about Cylindrical Equal-Area projections is true?
• Simple three parameter conversions between latitude, longitude, and height in different datums can be accomplished by conversion through Earth-Centered, Earth Fixed XYZ Cartesian coordinates in one reference datum and three origin offsets that approximate differences in rotation, translation and scale.
• A rhumb line is a path with constant bearing as measured relative to which reference?
• Which acts laid the basic foundation for land development controls in the United States?
• What is the purpose of combining GNSS with ground-based control monuments and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in surveying?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 567.4 ft and a geoid separation of 123.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• A level surface is defined as which?
• Elevation or Floodplain Survey determines what?
• Why is the exact value of a measured angle or distance never known?
• Field Run Topographic Survey is the appropriate survey when which features are needed?
• NAD27 and NAD83 are examples of which type of datum?
• Horizontal control surveys, whenever feasible, are based on which type of observations?
• When is a backsight reading typically taken during leveling?
• What is magnetic declination?
• The Elevation Factor equation EF = R/(R+H+N) implies what about distortion at high elevations?
• Which system provides the geodetic datum for horizontal coordinates in this context?
• A horizontal line is one that is:
• A run in leveling is defined as what?
• Which category of error in measurements arises from human judgment or bias?
• What characterizes a raw data file in surveying data management?
• For vertical/elevation heights, to which datum should the geodetic datum be referenced?
• What is the geoid?
• In the subdivision design/review process, which factor ensures the pedestrian path system links buildings with parking, open space, and facilities?
• Geodetic datums define the:
• Modern geodetic datums range from:
• In a conformal map, which property is preserved locally?
• Topographic surveys are primarily intended to map which aspects?
• Conical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• The horizontal datum is used to measure a position on the Earth's surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Which statement best reflects this?
• Cadastral surveys typically involve which elements?
• In construction staking, survey markers are referred to as what?
• In land surveying, UAS enhance data collection by using sensors that provide high-resolution images or LiDAR, alone or together, enabling what?
• Which statement best describes static GPS surveying?
• Which components are typically used together to establish project coordinates in GNSS surveying?
• In the simple three-parameter datum conversion method, how many origin offsets are used?
• The 'epoch date' refers to the date associated with the coordinates of a control station. An epoch date is a necessary part of a complete datum or reference frame name, because coordinates can change with time.
• What is the minimum number of NGS First or Second Order benchmarks required to establish the Elevation/Vertical control network?
• Which value is used for Earth’s radius R in the EF calculation example?
• Which statement best defines a vertical datum?
• What is the elevation factor value for Earth’s radius R = 20,906,000 ft and local elevation H = 6,320 ft?
• The map projection that distorts scale and distance except along the standard parallel is:
• Horizontal control surveys are established for which type of projects?
• A level datum is defined as which?
• What is a backsight (BS) in differential leveling?
• Differential leveling is the method of measuring which?
• Which statement best describes a Construction Survey?
• In differential leveling, which equation correctly expresses Height of Instrument (HI)?
• Robotic Total Stations enable what capability compared to conventional total stations?